Through the thirtieth dynasty, a wave of significant building activity throughout the country had been started frequently by Nectanebo I and finished by Nectanebo II as well as king Nectanebo I has some additions in Karnak temples among of which there are the so called monumental gateways at cardinal points in Karnak temples. This study entailed the technique of building gateways during the late period and it has full explanation of all of them to spot light on this type of architecture that appeared clearly during the reign of king Nectanebo I. Furthermore these monumental gateways represent an innovation of building gateways’ technique during the late period. Indeed this study highlighted the architectural and technical features of these gateways as well as illustration of the scenes and inscriptions on all gateways.
Dr Eslam Salem 
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